From the Curriculum: Political Cartoons about Woodrow Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles
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Extension Activity: Jimmy Carter, “The Rest of the Story”

Ask the class how they think administration of the Canal and events in Panama have worked out since 2000. Then read to them The Rest of the Story, Part One. After reading, pause for any reflection students may wish to share. Then read The Rest of the Story, Part Two. Following Part Two, ask students to discuss,

How, if at all, does this information influence your opinion about the involvement of the US with Panama? What larger lessons, if any, can be applied to understand the President’s role as Chief Diplomat?”

The Rest of the Story, Part One
Though Panama has dealt with challenges including corruption and drug trafficking, business for the canal has proceeded largely unhindered. Due to concerns during the military dictatorship of General Manuel Noriega, in 1989 President George H.W. Bush sent the U.S. military into Panama to guarantee the canal’s safety. Operation Just Cause quickly achieved its objectives and Noriega eventually surrendered to U.S. authorities, who tried and convicted him for drug trafficking.

In 2006 Panamanians approved a multi-billion dollar expansion of the canal, an effort expected to provide thousands of new jobs in the 8-10 years of the project. Panama has one of the strongest economies of Central America, participates in the United Nations and the Organization of American States, and is an attractive location for vacationers and American retirees.

The Rest of the Story, Part Two
One of the concerns of treaty opponents was that General Omar Torrijos was a military dictator. He was head of Panama’s National Guard, and had participated in the overthrow the previous president. Some Senators questioned his approach as Panama’s leader, saying his regime was harsh and corrupt. However, President Carter was convinced that Torrijos was sincere and trustworthy as Panama’s leader.

After the Senate ratified the treaty, Torrijos stated publicly that he had given orders for the National Guard to attack and blow up the Panama Canal if the US Senate had rejected the Treaties.

George W. Bush

George W. Bush is the son of George H. W. Bush and the second son of a President to be elected President. The first was John Quincy Adams, son of John Adams.

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